Occupational Therapy and Polyvagal theory for neurodiverse families

Occupational therapy is a healthcare profession that focuses on helping people of all ages and abilities to participate in activities that are meaningful and important to them. It can be particularly helpful for neurodiverse children and their families, who may face challenges with sensory processing, motor skills, and social communication. Like we do here at Therapeeze!

One theoretical framework that occupational therapists may use to guide their practice with neurodiverse children and their families is the Polyvagal Theory. This theory, developed by Dr. Stephen Porges, explains how the autonomic nervous system (ANS) responds to stress and how this response can affect our behavior, emotions, and social interactions.

The ANS is made up of three branches: the sympathetic nervous system (SNS), the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS), and the social engagement system (SES). In stressful situations, the SNS activates the fight-or-flight response, preparing the body to either fight or flee from a perceived threat. However, if the threat is too overwhelming or prolonged, the body may switch to the freeze response, which is characterized by immobilization and dissociation.

The PNS, on the other hand, helps the body to rest and recover after a stressful experience. It activates the relaxation response, which slows down the heart rate, lowers blood pressure, and promotes digestion and immune function. The SES, which is also part of the PNS, is responsible for social engagement and communication. It helps us to feel safe and connected to others, and it is essential for building positive relationships and regulating our emotions.

In neurodiverse children and their families, the Polyvagal Theory can be used to understand how stress and trauma may affect their ANS functioning and behavior. For example, a child with sensory processing difficulties may have a hypersensitive SNS, which means that they may be easily triggered by sensory stimuli and have a strong fight-or-flight response. This can lead to behavioral issues such as aggression, avoidance, or meltdowns.

An occupational therapist using the Polyvagal Theory may work with the child and their family to help regulate their ANS and build resilience to stress. This could involve using sensory integration techniques to help the child tolerate sensory stimuli and regulate their emotions. It could also involve teaching the child and their family relaxation techniques such as deep breathing, progressive muscle relaxation, or guided imagery.

Another key aspect of the Polyvagal Theory is the importance of the social engagement system in promoting positive social interactions and emotional regulation. An occupational therapist may work with the child and their family to build social skills and foster positive relationships. This could involve role-playing, social stories, or peer support groups.

Overall, the Polyvagal Theory provides a useful framework for occupational therapists working with neurodiverse children and their families to understand how stress and trauma may affect their behavior and ANS functioning. By using techniques to regulate the ANS and build resilience to stress, occupational therapists can help these children and their families to participate in meaningful activities and improve their overall quality of life.

Kate xx